Understanding Responses of Atmospheric Pollution and its Variability to Contradicting Nexus of Urbanization–Industrial Emission Control in Haldia, an Industrial City of West Bengal

Poor atmospheric health has been causing millions of deaths globally by attacking the respiratory system. According to World Health Organization, India most heavily polluted cities overall and contributes significantly annual particle concentration at a global level. This situation demands intensive extensive monitoring systems for strategy optimization various levels governance combat environmental. These strategies include an efficient air quality control strategy, management pollution sources while taking into account both local national controls, etc. However, inadequacy in stations, which are primarily targeted cities, kept small towns villages out radar. poses difficulty assessing regional scales, thereby poor understanding intensity spatio-temporal variability pollutant concentration. Addressing this issue, attempt made study understand industry-based city, Haldia West Bengal, where all stations situated industrial centers function nearby making larger part unmonitored. Handheld instruments were used collect field data five other selected mainly from non-industrial areas experiencing rapid detrimental land use conversion. Despite being spatially consistent higher (2015–2019 mean 95) lower Air Quality Index 65), respectively, areas, contradicting temporal trend is quite distinct them. Pollution increased LULC change, especially rapidly urbanized whereas emission controls implementation strategies, including base profiling baseline policy action, graded response action plan, etc., have successful abating near industries. The pinpoints requirement awareness sections avoid possible environmental hazards caused urbanization necessity having dense network capture variations concentrations better health.